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Pūjā or Poojan is a prayer ritual performed by Hindus to host, honour and worship one or more deities, or to spiritually celebrate an event.〔James Lochtefeld, ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', Vol. 2, ISBN 0-8239-2287-1, pp. 529–530.〕〔Paul Courtright, in ''Gods of Flesh/Gods of Stone'' (Joanne Punzo Waghorne, Norman Cutler, and Vasudha Narayanan, eds), ISBN 978-0231107778, Columbia University Press, see Chapter 2.〕 Sometimes spelt phonetically as ''pooja'' or ''poojah'', it may honour or celebrate the presence of special guest(s), or their memories after they pass away. The word ''pūjā'' (Devanagari: पूजा) comes from Sanskrit, and means reverence, honour, homage, adoration, and worship.〔 Puja rituals are also held by Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. In Hinduism, ''puja'' is done on a variety of occasions, frequency and settings. It may include daily ''puja'' done in the home, to occasional temple ceremonies and annual festivals, to few lifetime events such as birth of a baby or a wedding, or to begin a new venture. The two main areas where ''puja'' is performed are in the home and at temples to mark certain stages of life, events or some festivals such as Durga Puja and Lakshmi Puja. Puja is not mandatory; it may be a routine daily affair for some Hindus, periodic ritual for some, and infrequent for other Hindus. In some temples, various pujas may be performed daily at various times of the day; in other temples, it may be occasional.〔〔 K Puja varies according to the school of Hinduism. Within a given school, puja may vary by region, occasion, deity honored, and steps followed.〔〔 In formal ''Nigama'' ceremonies, a fire may be lit in honour of deity Agni, without an idol or image present. In contrast, in Agama ceremonies, an idol or image of deity is present. In both ceremonies, a diya or incense stick may be lit while a prayer is chanted or hymn is sung. Puja is typically performed by a Hindu worshipper alone, though sometimes in presence of a priest who is well versed in procedure and hymns. In temples and priest-assisted event puja, food, fruits and sweets may be included as offerings to the deity, which, after the prayers, becomes ''prasad'' – blessed food shared by all present at the puja.〔(Puja ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.〕〔Hiro G. Badlani (2008), ''Hinduism: A path of ancient wisdom'', ISBN 978-0595436361, pp. 315-318.〕 Both Nigama and Agama ''puja'' are practiced in Hinduism in India. In Hinduism of Bali Indonesia, Agama puja is most prevalent both inside homes and in temples. Puja is sometimes called ''Sembahyang'' in Indonesia.〔(How Balinese Worship their God ) The Bali Times (January 4, 2008) * (Pedoman Sembahyang ) Bali Indonesia (2009).〕〔Yves Bonnefoy (ed.), ''Asian Mythologies'', ISBN 978-0226064567, University of Chicago Press, pages 161–162〕 ==Etymology== Puja (Sanskrit: पूजा,〔(पूजा ) ''Sanskrit Dictionary'', Germany (2009)〕Tamil:பூசெய் ) is an ancient culture or way of life, with unclear origins. Joshi claims the word ''puja'' was first used in vedic times when Sūtra were composed, to describe prayers and worship before yajna or homa – fire deity, Agni.〔Lakshmana Shastri Joshi, ''Development of Indian culture, Vedas to Gandhi'' (2001), p. 32-33〕 Charpentier suggests〔Charpentier, J. (1926), “Über den Begriff und die Etymologie von Pujå.” Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte Indiens, Festgabe Hermann Jacobi zum 75, Geburstag. Ed. W. Kirfel, Bonn, pp. 279–297.〕 the origin of the word Puja may lie in the Dravidian languages. Two possible Tamil roots have been suggested: ''Poosai'' "to smear with something" and ''Poochei(பூசெய்)'' "to do with flowers".〔Varadara Raman, ''Glimpses of Indian Heritage'' (1998)'〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Puja (Hinduism)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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